Знания и подготовка медицинских сестер в уходе за детьми с респираторными заболеваниями
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70439/2075-8790.2025.98.3.005Ключевые слова:
астма, дети, знания, компетенции, первичная медико-санитарная помощь, практика, респираторные заболевания, сестринское делоАннотация
Заболевания органов дыхания являются одной из ведущих причин заболеваемости и смертности среди детей, особенно в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода, где доступ к квалифицированным меди-цинским кадрам ограничен. Медицинские сестры, работающие в условиях первичной медико-санитарной помощи, играют ключевую роль в раннем выявлении, лечении и профилактике респираторных заболева-ний у детей; однако в Казахстане подготовка медсестер и стандартизированное обучение в этой области остаются недостаточно развитыми. Данный обзор систематически анализирует международные исследо-вания, посвященные знаниям и подготовке медицинских сестер в сфере ухода за детьми с респираторны-ми заболеваниями в условиях первичной медико-санитарной помощи. Включены исследования, опубли-кованные в 2014–2024 гг. на английском или русском языках, описывающие знания, компетенции и практические подходы медсестер к уходу за детьми с респираторными заболеваниями в условиях первич-ной медико-санитарной помощи. Исключены работы старше 10 лет, тезисы, абстракты и статьи с низким уровнем доказательности. Поиск в базах данных PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews и Scopus выявил 1233 публикации; после скрининга и удаления дубликатов в анализ было включено 38 исследований. Полученные данные выявили существенные пробелы в знаниях медсестер и подчеркнули эффективность специализированного обучения, использования протоколов, основанных на доказательной медицине, и междисциплинарного взаимодействия для улучшения результатов ухода за детьми с респи-раторными заболеваниями. Адаптация международных лучших практик в обучении медицинских сестер и клинических рекомендациях может повысить качество педиатрической респираторной помощи и удо-влетворенность пациентов в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощи Казахстана.
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